The Issues of Hyperthyroidism

What is hyperthyroidism?

Saturday, 21 November 2015

The Biochemistry behind Hyperthyroidism

Thyroxine (3,5,3′,5′-tetraiodothyronine) and triiodothyronine (3,5,3′-triiodothyronine) are thyroid hormones which are formed by the addition of iodine to the tyrosine part of a glycoprotein homodimer called thyroglobulin (Tg).

Tg produced by the thyroid gland acts as a substrate for the synthesis of thyroxine and triiodothyronine. Tg also stores inactive forms of thyroid hormone and iodine. Tg is secreted from the endoplasmic reticulum to its site of iodination, and subsequent thyroxine biosynthesis, in the follicular lumen.

Mutations in this gene cause thyroid dyshormonogenesis, which is a rare genetic disease that will manifest as goiter. Polymorphisms in this gene will cause an increased risk of having autoimmune thyroid diseases such as Graves’ disease (hyperthyroidism) and Hashimoto's thyroiditis (hypothyroidism).

Online references:
Encyclopædia Britannica, n.d. Thyroid hormone. [online] Available at: <http://global.britannica.com/science/thyroid-hormone> [Accessed 21 November 2015].
NCBI, 2015. TG thyroglobulin [ Homo sapiens (human) ]. [online] Available at: <http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/gene/7038> [Accessed 21 November 2015].

Picture reference:
[Chemical structures of thyroid hormones] n.d. [image online] Available at: <http://www.discoverymedicine.com/Hung-Yun-Lin/files/2011/04/discovery_medicine_paul_j_davis_no_59_figure_1a.png> [Accessed 21 November 2015].
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